I gave him some examples earlier in the conversation with the orissa and friesland i could find others, if he had asked me a specific question i could have answered? instead he just asked me for “strain names associated with the different auxin levels etc?” i could have given him terpenes levels with variety that exhibit growth characteristics of certain growth homone concentrations based on plant compoisition ect but no he asked for auxin levels what are not commonly measured.
@ Thumper, I apologize for jumping the gun and getting defensive without analyzing the situation more. I am sorry for being a jerk in my response, I see your a well respected member of this community. My apologies.
Bahahahhahahahaha
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Plants respond to increasing or decreasing day length and shifts in the spectrum of solar irradiance by releasing the flowering induction pathway, and different terpenes are made by enzymes/catalysts that are expressed or repressed by transcription factors regulated by the flowering induction pathway, which is again regulated by light.
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an example of two sativas where one has less pineine and is more airy, and the other with more density and more pineine is an example of two strains where the cytokinins take over responsibility of protecting the bud from humidty by producing alpha piniene when the structure doesnt support this. here are two good examples with photos and terpene reports: Orissa (Malkangiri) - Strainly Ethiopia. Regular seeds. ACE Seeds
MAXIMIZING CANNABIS CULTIVATION: HORMONAL BALANCES, TERPENE DEFENSE, AND OIL PRODUCTION
Introduction:
Cannabis cultivation is a complex process influenced by various factors, including hormonal balances and the presence of cytotoxic terpenes. Understanding the intricate interplay between these elements is paramount for maximizing growth patterns and yield.
Hormonal Influence on Flowering Times:
Shorter Flowering (High Gibberellins, Low Auxins, Low Cytokinins):
- Auxins: Low levels reduce apical dominance, leading to shorter internode lengths and accelerated growth.
- Gibberellins: Elevated levels promote stem elongation, resulting in taller plants.
- Cytokinins: Diminished levels lead to fewer cell division processes, culminating in shorter flowering times.
Longer Flowering (Low Gibberellins, High Auxins, High Cytokinins):
- Auxins: Higher levels contribute to augmented apical dominance, leading to longer internode lengths and an extended vegetative phase.
- Gibberellins: Reduced levels lead to limited stem elongation, resulting in a more compact structure.
- Cytokinins: Elevated levels are pivotal in promoting cell division, extending the flowering phase.
Cytotoxic Terpenes, Cannabis Defense Mechanisms, and Cytokinins:
- All Monoterpenes have varying levels of cytotoxic effects, aiding in plant defense.
- Elevated cytokinin’s correlate with increased production of cytotoxic terpenes, highlighting the balance between hormonal regulation and defense mechanisms.
Identifying Cannabis Varieties High in Auxins, Low in Gibberellins, and High in Cytokinins:
Cannabis plants with specific hormonal profiles, characterized by high levels of auxins, low levels of gibberellins, and abundant cytokinins, exhibit distinctive features. Here’s a guide on how to recognize these plants:
Leaf Size and Shape:
- Leaflets are larger with serrated edges.
- Leaflets are positioned closer to the main stem due to shorter leaf stems (petioles).
- Overall, the leaves have a more compact and dense appearance.
- Leaves tend to be narrower in width and elongated in shape.
Leaf Color and Texture:
- Dark, rich green coloration indicating robust growth.
- Texture is resilient with well-defined, slightly glossy leaflets.
Internode Length:
- Shorter spaces between leaves or branches due to the compact nature of the plant.
- In the vegetative phase, when auxin levels are higher, the plant may exhibit longer internodal spacing. However, as the plant transitions into the flowering phase, the internodes are expected to become shorter, resulting in a denser arrangement of flowers along the stems. This can contribute to a more compact and tight bud structure.
Flower Development:
- Flowers initiate later in the plant’s life cycle, allowing for an extended flowering phase.
- Buds develop gradually over time.
- The plant exhibits minimal stretching during flowering, resulting in a more compact and tightly packed bud structure.
Bud Characteristics:
- Buds are typically round and dense in shape.
- Dense, compact calyxes cluster tightly along the stems.
- Resinous trichomes cover the buds, giving them a frosted appearance.
- Exhibits a strong terpene profile with pronounced aromatic compounds.
Overall Growth Rate:
- Demonstrates slightly slower growth during the vegetative phase.
- Emphasizes vertical elongation, contributing to its tall stature.
- Continues to grow steadily throughout the flowering phase.
Time of Flower Initiation:
- Starts flowering later in the plant’s life cycle after a prolonged vegetative phase.
- Takes its time in transitioning to the reproductive phase.
Resilience and Vigor:
- Shows strong resilience to environmental stressors.
Mature Flowering Plant Appearance:
At full maturity, the cannabis plant characterized by high auxins, low gibberellins, and high cytokinins presents a striking visual profile. Here’s a detailed description of its appearance:
Central Stem:
- The central stem stands tall and robust, resembling a sturdy main trunk.
Bud Formation:
- Singular, elongated bud structures emerge directly from the main stem, reminiscent of a single, elongated “cola.”
Leaves:
- The leaves extend outward from the central stem in an alternating pattern, forming a lush canopy.
Internodes:
- The spaces between leaves or branches are relatively shorter, contributing to a more compact and densely foliated structure.
Leaf Characteristics:
- Leaflets are large with serrated edges, positioned closely to the main stem, creating a dense foliage.
Leaf Color and Texture:
- The leaves boast a deep, rich green hue, indicating vigorous growth. They have a resilient texture with well-defined, slightly glossy leaflets.
Flower Clusters:
- Clusters of dense, compact calyxes envelop the stems, giving the appearance of tightly packed, round buds.
Trichome Coverage:
- Resinous trichomes coat the buds, bestowing them with a frosted, crystalline sheen.
Aroma Profile:
- The plant exhibits a strong terpene profile, with pronounced aromatic compounds, creating a distinctive and captivating fragrance.
Height:
- The plant showcases vertical elongation, resulting in an impressive height.
Stem Resilience:
- The main stem, though tall, is sturdy and resilient, providing support for the burgeoning canopy of leaves and buds.
This mature cannabis plant displays a striking blend of structural integrity and abundant foliage. Its singular, elongated bud structure and dense canopy of leaves create an impressive visual profile. The plant’s overall appearance exudes vitality, making it a standout specimen in any cultivation setting.
Optimizing Oil Production Through Hormonal Balance:
High Auxins:
Auxins, a class of plant hormones, exert a profound influence on growth patterns and developmental processes. They play a crucial role in promoting apical dominance, resulting in longer internode lengths and an extended vegetative phase. This prolonged vegetative phase offers a significant advantage for cannabis cultivation. By accumulating more biomass during this phase, the plant lays a robust foundation for enhanced oil production, including the synthesis of valuable cannabinoids and terpenes. Furthermore, research indicates that higher levels of auxins in the vegetative stage are associated with increased production of sesquiterpenes, contributing to the plant’s aromatic profile.
Low Gibberellins:
In contrast, maintaining reduced levels of gibberellins proves advantageous for optimizing oil production. Gibberellins are responsible for stem elongation, and limiting their presence results in a more compact plant structure. This compactness redirects a higher concentration of resources towards oil production, including the synthesis of cannabinoids and terpenes. The strategic reduction of gibberellins shifts the plant’s focus away from excessive stem growth, prioritizing the synthesis of compounds crucial for medicinal and aromatic qualities.
High Cytokinins:
Elevated levels of cytokinins offer a pivotal advantage in the pursuit of optimal oil production. Cytokinins are instrumental in promoting cell division, a critical process for the development of reproductive structures. By increasing cell division, higher cytokinin levels extend the flowering phase. This extension provides the plant with additional time to meticulously produce and accumulate cannabinoids and terpenes. As a result, the final product boasts a higher concentration of these valuable compounds, contributing to the overall potency and therapeutic potential of the plant. Additionally, it’s noteworthy that higher cytokinin levels in the flowering stage are associated with increased production of mono terpenes, further enhancing the plant’s aromatic profile.
Are you just copy pasting stuff in here that ChatGPT randomly creates and call it science?
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No, just using chat gpt for looking up certain information and organizing information, it does not have the capabilities of thinking like this: This was my study this morning
Terpene Production in Cannabis under Drought Stress
Introduction:
Drought stress in cannabis plants can significantly impact the production of terpenes, the aromatic compounds responsible for the plant’s flavor, aroma, and effects. This stress-induced alteration in terpene composition varies based on factors such as stress duration, cannabis variety, and flowering stage. Consequently, providing a definitive answer to which terpenes increase or decrease under drought stress proves challenging. However, studies have shed light on potential shifts in terpene profiles. This discussion delves into the intricate relationship between drought stress and terpene production in cannabis, offering valuable insights into the plant’s adaptive mechanisms.
Increased Terpenes:
-
Beta-pinene (Humidity Aid) - More water soluble than its alpha counterpart, associated with strains from drier conditions. Aids in efficient humidity absorption.
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Myrcene (Stress Reduction) - Linked with inducing a calming presence on the plant, slowing growth to focus on preservation rather than growth. Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress caused by drought.
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Stress Response Mechanism: Plants produce myrcene in response to environmental stressors for adaptation and survival.
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Enzyme Activity: Drought stress may alter enzyme activity involved in terpene biosynthesis, potentially leading to increased myrcene production.
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Genetic Regulation: Drought stress may induce specific genes involved in terpene biosynthesis, particularly those associated with myrcene production.
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Limonene (Nature’s Sunscreen) - Increases as the plant becomes drier, acting as a natural UV protectant.
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Caryophyllene (Nature’s Analgesic) - Numbs the plant, keeping it in an improved state during drought stress.
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Humulene (Nature’s Appetite Suppressant) - Regulates plant metabolism to suppress appetite during drought stress.
Decreased Terpenes:
- Alpha-pinene (Humidity Shield) - Less water soluble, helping plants avoid excessive humidity in moist environments.
- Linalool (Happy Plant Terpene) - Linked with enhancing photosynthesis, which is not required during drought stress. Also associated with anti-stress and calming effects.
- Terpinolene (Regulates Inflammation) - More common in less stressed plants, associated with increased growth(Inflammation) by balancing inflammation with its anti-inflammatory properties.
Ocimene (Pathway Opener) - Associated with a sweet, citrusy aroma, potential antibacterial and antifungal properties. Linked with increased creativity in humans.
- Observation : Elevated levels of ocimene lead to larger, more open structures in plants. Suggesting more open and efficient energy pathways.
Nerolidol (Absorbion Enhancer)- Enhances absorption of nutrients in leaves and plant surface, associated with plants in optimum growth condition without drought stress. Also associated with plants with lower levels of stress.
Farnesene - Further research is needed to establish correlations.
Genetic Regulation and Hormonal Response:
- Genetic Regulation: Stress triggers a complex genetic response, activating or suppressing specific genes for various physiological processes.
- Terpene Biosynthesis Genes: Genes involved in terpene production are directly regulated within the plant’s genome.
- Phytohormones (e.g., ABA, JA, ET): Signaling molecules that regulate growth, development, and stress responses. They play a crucial role in drought stress responses.
- Gene Expression and Terpene Synthesis: Upregulation of genes involved in terpene biosynthesis is influenced by phytohormones associated with drought stress.
- Specific Hormonal Signaling: Phytohormones like ABA may modulate the expression of genes involved in terpene synthesis, potentially leading to increased myrcene concentration in drought-stressed cannabis plants.
References:
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You’ll gain a much better understanding of the material if you do the research yourself. Not having a science background and then relying on AI will only lead to more misunderstandings.
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Stresses and environmental factors play a huge role on terpene and cannabinoid production. But the base profile is established very early on in the life cycle of the plant.
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Good afternoon, I’ve come to the conclusion that terpenes have no real effect on the flowering times in cannabis, what has more effect on the flowering times is the levels of hormones within the plant. these levels of hormones have effects on the amount of sesqui and monoterpenes in the plant which effects its flowering times. the reason, alpha pinine, limonene, are high in equitorial sativas is because of the humidity aid properties of A- Pinene, and uv protection from limonone, im not sure about why terpinolene is high in them generally. so while my observation was valid in a sense, my original theory was not, but i’ve been able to identify the reason why the terpene levels correlate with strains with similiar physiologies. this was a long investigation, i realized people don’t like it when you use ai to conduct research, ect. but thats the main reason, strains higher in auxins should show elevated levels of sesquiterpenes, and strains high in cytokinins the same for monoterpenes. gibberalin levels have more to do with CBD, and myrcene as these are synthesized more in fiber type trichomes found in the leaves and stems of the plant more compared to drug type trichomes which are higher in other terpenes are found in the flowers. so a variety with higher gibberalins should have possiblity for higher myrcene and cbd levels. the enviroments have a large effects on the terpenes, some terpenes i observed that are vital to outdoor plants are , pinine, limonene, and myrcene i think a plant without some levels of these would not be healthy imo. and i noticed pants with higher ocimene levels seem to have a very open bud structure. in regards to flowering times, the plants with higher levels of cytokinins are going to have the longest flowering times.
Shorter Flowering (High Gibberellins, Low Auxins, Low Cytokinins):
- Auxins : Low levels reduce apical dominance, leading to shorter internode lengths and accelerated growth.
- Gibberellins : Elevated levels promote stem elongation, resulting in taller plants.
- Cytokinins : Diminished levels lead to fewer cell division processes, culminating in shorter flowering times.
Longer Flowering (Low Gibberellins, High Auxins, High Cytokinins): Best Example would be the landrace Mauritius.
- Auxins : Higher levels contribute to augmented apical dominance, leading to longer internode lengths and an extended vegetative phase.
- Gibberellins : Reduced levels lead to limited stem elongation, resulting in a more compact structure.
- Cytokinins : Elevated levels are pivotal in promoting cell division, extending the flowering phase.
Agreed, they evolved their flowering times based on light, water, and nutrient availability, in turn these factors affect the hormone levels of the plant which in turn have an effect on the terpene profiles all of these correlate with each other. additionally, the terpene profiles are responsible for the plant’s defenses, along with tannins, and sulfur compounds. so, while light is the main factor, if we want to look deeper into the interactions light, and environment play on the plants hormones and cannabinoid levels we can see the correlations and make educated guesses what terpenes are responsible with what, by examining their properties and looking at which landraces, regions, their more associated with.
What you are doing is the very definition of psedoscience. You have a hypothesis at best. No conclusions can be made without proper research, which is not just reading, but also experimentation. Nothing you have said can satisfy any of the requirements necessary for a conclusion because you have not explained the precise mechanisms. You’ve only named molecules. If you are truly interested in learning about these systems, I suggest you start with Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry first. This will help you understand how photosystems work and how molecules are produced in cells.
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Bollocks!!
Did ChatGPT tell you that?
Machine learning and neural networks have been solving hard problems for a while now.
It’s not the tools, it is how they were used.
Even you agree you missed.
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yeah, its fun exploring idea’s even if your wrong, and your right, i don’t take pride in being wrong, but at the same time when i say something off and someone calls me out about it, i can smile and call myself a dumbass, regardless this investigation had led to me learning and understanding of the plant alot better. I have learned a ton about terpenes and what they do, just realized that most terpenes are like colors in a sense these primary terpenes- BCP, Alpha-pinene,Myrcene,and Limonene. maybe another one, synthesize to create the other terpenes, which are variations of each of these. This is my personal observation.
Consider asking: “how can I verify this…” next time
what i would really love is for someone who really knows this information to look over the information of the possible correlations ive made who understands them and tell me if theres anything there, i didnt come here saying it was 100% just a theory and i wanted help on figuring it out? if you guys want to help great, if not its okay. but thats what i wanted is help seeing if my idea’s are credible from smart guys like yourselves.
Ask of “testable hypotheses”.
Explore experimental design.
Dig into the primary literature and understand than exogenous application or genetic manipulation are your primary tools for teasing this apart.
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I’m telling you what I learned after reading the research, studying and teaching biology eventually earning a PhD from Johns Hopkins in biology, and then cultivating marijuana for years. You don’t need to do experiments that have been done by many others in order to get the answer to a question, especially if you understand what you read, and how biology works. It would be very difficult to get funding on questions that are not important, because the research has already been done, and a waste of time.
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